Which of the following is a primary symptom of obstructive sleep apnea?

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a primary symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) because individuals with this condition often experience repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, which leads to fragmented sleep and reduced overall sleep quality. As a result, they fail to achieve restorative sleep, leading to significant daytime fatigue and drowsiness. This excessive sleepiness significantly impacts daily functioning and quality of life.

While narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, it is a distinct condition that is not primarily associated with the obstructive events seen in obstructive sleep apnea. Insomnia primarily relates to difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, and while it may occur alongside OSA, it is not a primary symptom. Sleep talking can happen during sleep but is not directly linked to obstructive sleep apnea or its symptoms.