What type of breathing is characterized by periods of deep gasping and pauses?

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by a distinct pattern of breathing that includes cycles of deep, gasping breaths followed by periods of apnea or very shallow breathing. This type of respiration is commonly associated with conditions that affect the brain's ability to control breathing, such as congestive heart failure or strokes. The hallmark of Cheyne-Stokes respiration is that the individual experiences a gradual increase in the depth and rate of breathing, reaching a peak, and then a gradual decrease in efforts until breathing stops temporarily, only to start the cycle again. This cyclical pattern sets it apart from other types of breathing abnormalities.

Other options describe different respiratory conditions. Obstructive breathing relates to breathing patterns associated with airway obstruction, leading to reduced airflow during inhalation or expiration. Hypopnea refers to shallow or slow breathing and does not specifically involve the cycles seen in Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Periodic breathing may involve similar cycles but does not typically feature the same depth of gasping and pauses exhibited in Cheyne-Stokes. Therefore, the characteristics of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, including the deep gasping and distinct pauses, confirm its correctness as the answer.