What does EEG stand for in sleep studies?

EEG stands for Electroencephalogram, which is a critical component in sleep studies. It involves the recording of electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. The EEG monitors brain waves, helping to distinguish different sleep stages such as REM (Rapid Eye Movement) and non-REM sleep based on the patterns observed. This information is vital for diagnosing sleep disorders and understanding various sleep-related phenomena.

The other options refer to different physiological measurements. An electromyogram measures muscle electrical activity, an electrocardiogram records the heart's electrical signals, and an electrodermogram assesses changes in skin conductivity, often in response to stress. While these assessments are used in different contexts within the field of medicine, they are not relevant to the specific focus of EEG in sleep studies.