In patients with heart failure, which type of breathing pattern is commonly observed during sleep?

In patients with heart failure, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a distinct breathing pattern often observed during sleep. This periodic breathing pattern is characterized by a sequence of gradual increases and decreases in tidal volume, culminating in a temporary cessation of breathing (apnea). It is commonly associated with heart failure due to the fluctuations in blood gases and brain sensitivity to carbon dioxide levels that can occur in these patients.

The presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in individuals with heart failure is linked to impaired cardiac function and poor oxygenation, leading to abnormal respiratory drive. This pattern can reflect the underlying heart condition, where the body struggles to maintain adequate perfusion and oxygenation during sleep.

While other breathing patterns such as obstructive breathing, central sleep apnea, and hypoventilation can also occur in patients with various conditions, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is particularly iconic in the context of heart failure. Its association with periodic variations in stroke volume and metabolic demands makes it a significant focus for evaluation and management in these patients during polysomnographic assessments.