If a patient with suspected Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome is studied during conventional hours, what outcome is expected?

In the case of a patient with suspected Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome, studying them during conventional hours will likely result in prolonged wakefulness at the end of the recording. This syndrome is characterized by a significant advancement in the sleep-wake cycle, where individuals feel the urge to sleep much earlier in the evening and wake up earlier in the morning than the typical sleep patterns.

When such a patient is monitored during normal sleep hours, you would expect to see that their body is not yet ready for sleep at that time, leading to an inability to fall asleep during the expected hours of a conventional sleep study. As a result, they may show a pattern of staying awake longer into the night, reflecting their natural sleep tendencies, which are misaligned with conventional sleep times. This misalignment creates a mismatch between their internal circadian rhythms and the external environment, resulting in prolonged wakefulness at the end of the recording.

The other outcomes noted in the options do not align with the characteristics of Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome. For instance, increased REM sleep, consistent NREM sleep patterns, and immediate sleep onset after lights out are not typically observed; instead, they reflect patterns of sleep that may not apply to individuals with this syndrome.