How would you compute sleep efficiency?

Sleep efficiency is a vital measure used to assess the quality of sleep in relation to the time spent in bed. It is computed by taking the total amount of sleep a person gets (total sleep time) and dividing it by the total time they were in bed, which includes both sleep and any periods of wakefulness. This calculation provides a percentage that indicates how effectively a person is able to convert their time in bed into actual sleep.

When this formula is applied, a higher percentage signifies better sleep efficiency, indicating that the individual spends a larger portion of their time in bed asleep rather than awake. This metric is particularly useful in evaluating sleep disorders and helps in the management and treatment of conditions related to sleep hygiene, insomnia, and other sleep disturbances.

The other options present different calculations that do not provide a measure of sleep efficiency. For instance, dividing total sleep time by total wake time does not consider the overall time spent in bed, and thus does not accurately represent sleep efficiency. Similarly, assessing the ratio of REM sleep to total sleep time provides insight into the composition of sleep but not how effective the sleep period was overall. Finally, multiplying total sleep time by 100 lacks the necessary context and relationship to time in bed, making it an irrelevant calculation for establishing